1、 The Meaning of Reducing Fertilizer Quantity and Increasing Efficiency
Reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizers is to reduce the amount of fertilizer used, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, and achieve the goal of reducing soil compaction, continuous impoverishment, and environmental pollution, improving crop quality, and increasing planting and social benefits.
Reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizers means reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers used and increasing the application of organic fertilizers, micronutrient fertilizers, and microbial fertilizers.
2、 Measures for reducing wheat production and increasing efficiency
1. Fertilizer requirement for planned production
The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required for producing 100 jin of wheat is approximately 3 jin, 1 jin, and 3 jin, respectively. Specifically, approximately 3 pounds of nitrogen, 1 pound of phosphorus, and 3 pounds of potassium need to be provided. Generally, the planned yield is 1200 jin of wheat grains per mu. The approximate requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are calculated as 36 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 12 kilograms of phosphorus, and 36 kilograms of potassium.
The actual fertilizer supply per mu of land is calculated based on the yield of 500 kilograms without applying any fertilizer. Therefore, the actual fertilizer demand per mu is calculated based on 700 kilograms. 21 pounds of nitrogen, 6 pounds of phosphorus, and 21 pounds are required.
2. Fertilization variety and quantity
According to the technical standards for reducing chemical fertilizers and increasing efficiency, increasing the application of organic fertilizers should be carried out from the following aspects:
Firstly, returning straw to the field: Generally, 1000 kilograms of fresh corn straw per acre is recommended, and excessive returning to the field is not recommended. Corn straw is fermented by returning to the field, with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium being 0.5%, 0.3%, and 0.85%, respectively. Returning 1000 kilograms of fresh straw per acre can provide approximately 5 kilograms of nitrogen, 3 kilograms of phosphorus, and 8.5 kilograms of potassium to the soil.
The second is to apply fully decomposed soil and miscellaneous fertilizers: those without soil and miscellaneous fertilizers use commercial organic fertilizers to supplement the soil organic matter content. The usage amount is approximately 3 cubic meters of soil and miscellaneous fertilizers per mu, and 200-300 kilograms of commercial organic fertilizer.
The third is the selection and dosage of chemical fertilizers: according to the soil nutrient situation in different regions, according to the local guidance on autumn fertilization, apply chemical fertilizers well. Use ternary compound fertilizer or mixed fertilizer with a content of 45-48%. The formula proportion is 48% (20, 22, 6, or 18, 25, 5) and 45% (18, 22, 5, or 16, 23, 5). Based on the above 700 kg fertilizer requirement calculation, using the above formula compound fertilizer, 75-90 kg per mu will be used. It is not allowed to apply an additional amount of 100 or even 120 kilograms per acre. The excess amount of 100 kilograms is considered excessive, which means that the wasted pace should be reduced.
The fourth method is fertilization: ① Deep application of base fertilizer, including straw returning to the field, soil mixed fertilizer (commercial organic fertilizer), and two-thirds of the weight of composite fertilizer, all applied in one go during plowing, with a depth of 15-25 centimeters in the soil layer. 5-8 kilograms of urea are sprinkled on each mu of straw returning to the field to accelerate straw decay. ② Seed fertilizer: Use a seed fertilizer integrated seeder to apply one-third of the amount of fertilizer per acre, and sow it into the soil together with the seeds Top dressing: Apply 15-20 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer per acre before jointing.
